The Aging of the Population and Housing Reverse Mortgages in China/VIEILLISSEMENT DE LA POPULATION CHINOISE ET EMPRUNT-LOGEMENT INVERSE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The aging of the population is the inevitable result of social and economic development, while at the same time it exerts a major impact on the socio-economic and cultural development. The housing reverse mortgages allow the elderly to change properties into cashes and increase pension funds through their own resources to improve the quality of life in old age, and open up a new for solving the problem of pension. However, this project itself is huge, which calls for the government, the banks, insurance companies, social security departments and other relevant parties to unify their understanding, coordinate actions, and co-operate with each other. Key words: the aging of the population, housing reverse mortgages, Social Security Resume: Le vieillissement de population est la consequence inevitable du developpement economique qui exerce en meme temps une influence sur le developpement social et culturel. La mise en application de l'emprunt-logement inverse peut encourager les personnes âgees a utiliser leurs propres ressources pour rendre la proprietes bâties en cash, augementer leur pension de retraite, ameliorer leur qualite de vie. C'est une nouvelle pensee pour resoudre les problemes du vieillissement de la population. L'application de cette mesure est un travail colossal et complexe. Il faut que le gouvernement, les banques, les compagnies d'assurances et les departements de couverture sociale coordonnent leurs actions et travaillement en etroite collaboration. Mots-Cles: vieillissement de la population, emprunt-logement inverse, couverture sociale The ageing of the population is the inevitable result of social and economic development, while at the same time it also exerts a major impact on the socio-economic and cultural development. In the ageing of society today, it's of great social significance to reduce the negative influence by the ageing of the population, solve the economic problems of the elderly and improve their life quality. These problems have become the hot issues concerned about by the governments and societies around the world. At present, the practice of housing reverse mortgages in foreign countries, especially in America, proves to be a mature channel of financing and effective way of pensioning. It has a great significance in compensating for the deficiencies of social security, improving the economic situation of the elderly, and improving the quality of life for the elderly. 1. INTRODUCTION OF HOUSING REVERSE MORTGAGES IN AMERICA Housing reverse mortgages, also known as the model of pensioning by housing, is originated in Netherlands. Its development in the United States is the most mature and the most representative one. In the 1980s, there were a large number of rich, cash poor people in the United States. Thus housing reverse mortgages came into being. Housing reverse mortgages refer to that the property owners of the houses who have reached the 62-year-old mortgage the property rights to insurance companies or financial institutions accordingly, which give a comprehensive assessment of the value of the house, the future appreciation and depreciation. After the assessment of the house and the average life expectancy calculation of the elderly, cash is paid monthly or annually to the insured elderly. This fixed payment continues until the elderly dies. The elderly enjoys the incomes and the right to live in the house. The insurance companies or financial institutions accordingly could get the property right of the house upon the death of the elderly and they can rent or sell or auction the house. Currently, in foreign countries, there is regulation stating that upon the establishment and enforcement of the valid contract, the insurance companies shall pay monthly regardless of the actual life of the insured. If the actual life of the insured is shorter than the life expectancy, the insurance companies can also take over the property. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".