Gait analysis following single-shot hyaluronic acid supplementation: a pilot randomized double-blinded controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Viscosupplementation with new-generation, polyol-containing, cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) gels reduces joint inflammation in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Gait analysis is a complementary outcome measure to standard patient-reported scores and physical measures for testing the effect of HA injection. This three-arm, prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, feasibility pilot study investigated which gait parameters are more sensitive following a single bolus injection of polyol-containing HA for knee osteoarthritis. Twenty-two patients with Ahlbäck grade II–III knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) HA + mannitol (n = 9), (2) HA + sorbitol (n = 5), and (3) saline placebo (n = 8). Patients were assessed by blinded observers prior to injection and at 4 weeks post-injection (4W). Outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Society score (KSS), EuroQol in five-dimensions (EQ-5D), VAS pain, and VAS stiffness. Gait was assessed over 30 m using a portable inertial-based data logger (Physilog®). Differences between 4W and baseline were statistically significant for the mannitol-containing viscosupplement, with a median increase of 0.076 m/s on gait speed (p = 0.039), 0.055 m on stride length (p = 0.027), and 15 points on the KSS (p = 0.047). In contrast, the HA + sorbitol and saline groups demonstrated no significant changes from baseline to 4W in any gait parameters or self-reported outcome measures (all p > 0.3). The observed increase in gait speed is approximately 13% greater than the mean difference between healthy subjects and those with knee osteoarthritis, is clinically important, and thus is a sensitive gait parameter. This study demonstrated gait speed and stride length are the most relevant gait parameters to investigate when assessing the effect of polyol-containing HA viscosupplementation. This study supports the need for a larger, randomized, controlled, clinical trial to assess the effect of a single-bolus HA injection versus multiple injections in people with knee osteoarthritis using both gait performance and self-reported parameters of knee function. This study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov on August 20, 2018, and assigned # NCT03636971 . I
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".