Bibliographic record
Abstract
Military historical artifacts found in museum displays and storage locations were analyzed for their Ra and Rn progeny activities to determine the fraction of Rn lost to the environment. Gamma-ray spectroscopy using high-purity germanium detectors was used to determine Ra activity and infer Rn activity based on Pb and Bi. Analyses were conducted without affecting the structural integrity of the artifacts. Ra was measured directly after correction for solid angle and finite sample-detector distance. Although Rn can be similarly analyzed, the collection in charcoal of Rn off-gassed from the artifact after the establishment of secular equilibrium was preferable. Rn off-gassing rates vary greatly between the six devices studied, with a maximum off-gassing rate of 1,850 ± 50 Bq h. Large variations in off-gassing rate were also observed between an additional 30 nominally identical dials, with a mean and standard deviation of 7.7 ± 7.1 Bq h. The work is not predictive of airborne Rn activity within museums, where building size and ventilation are significant and unique to each location. However, the significant off-gassing rates and their large variation suggest that Rn activities may be elevated in enclosed locations, such as aircraft cockpits and storage facilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".