Modulation Scheme for an Effective Increase in the Number of Levels of DC-DC Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel modulation scheme for dc-dc multi-level flying capacitor buck converters that effectively increases the number of converter levels. It is shown that, in general, an N-level flying capacitor converter can be split simultaneously into an N+1/2 and an N+3/2 level flying capacitor converter. This modulation scheme creates unequal differences between the flying capacitor voltages which can be used to reduce the voltage swing at the switching node and thus the size of the inductor. The voltage swing becomes equivalent to an N2+3/4 level converter for some conversion ratios. Additionally, this modulation scheme has passive flying capacitor voltage balancing, simplifying controller design. A 5-level flying capacitor converter was modulated to create a 3,4-level converter with the effective voltage swing of a 7-level converter. The functionality of this modulation scheme was confirmed with a 24V-to-9V, 45W 5-level buck converter confirming a 35% reduction in the inductor ripple and, thus, allowing for the equivalent inductor reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".