A Low Profile Stacked Transformer for High-Efficiency High-Output-Current 380 V/12 V LLC Resonant Converters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a low profile transformer structure for high-efficiency and high-output-current LLC resonant converters, named stacked transformer. Besides minimization of termination losses by integrating the synchronous rectifiers (SRs) and output filter capacitors into the secondary windings, the vertically stacked structure can shrink the transformer footprint and significantly shorten the secondary current travelling loop at the output terminals. High efficiency and high power density are thus achieved, particularly for high-output-current applications. The close flux coupling and small leakage inductance between the secondary windings limit the voltage stress on the SR MOSFETs. Consistent and low voltage spikes on all of the SRs are ensured by uniform parameters due to the one-core set structure attained by flux cancellation. The proposed transformer and its performance are verified by finite element analysis simulation, experimental results and analysis on a 380 V/12 V 1.2 kW LLC resonant converter that achieves a peak efficiency of 98.2%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".