Overcoming synthesizer phase noise in quantum sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synthesizers are widely used in various quantum information platforms as microwave or radio frequency signal sources. The synthesizer phase noise plays a sensitive role in spin dynamics, which is similar to the environment dephasing. When using spins to measure an environment magnetic field, synthesizer phase noise reduces the accuracy of the measurement because it is difficult to distinguish the effective field caused by the phase noise and the environment field. Suppressing the synthesizer phase noise is important in sensing. This work proposes a scheme to suppress the phase noise from synthesizers using two single-spin systems in opposite static magnetic fields. The two spins are exposed to the same environment magnetic field, which is to be sensed and controlled by the same synthesizer. Two configurations of the scheme are constructed: one uses two antennas for control and detection and the other uses one antenna. Because the two spins experience the phase noise in opposites ways, the phase noise effect can be either canceled or separated from that of the environment field. Nuclear magnetic resonance platform is used to experimentally simulate the sensing process using the one-antenna configuration. The experiment successfully eliminate the phase noise from sensing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".