Bibliographic record
Abstract
This social history of the process and implications of racialization explores some of the sociopolitical and economic factors that affected the ways in which members of an African Canadian/American family resisted and/or accommodated the process of racialization over the course of several generations. The impact of selected events in the social history of Canada and the US is illustrated through an interpretation of the experiences of three generations of the Abbott family as they employed various strategies in their quest for human rights and racial uplift. In addition to focusing on how these events impacted the Abbotts when they lived in Toronto and Chicago, the study follows the subsequent migration of family members as they moved and radiated across the continent, gradually developing separate lives and racial identities. During a period of racial segregation in the US many light-skinned African Canadians/ Americans avoided the repercussions of racial discrimination by passing as white. They tended to seek light-skinned or white spouses and essentially raised white families. For some families this remained a secret and their descendents were not aware of their black ancestry. Yet it cannot be denied that despite the legal and social advancement of many Blacks light-skinned individuals moved up the scale more readily than those of a darker hue. The study progresses to the present day descendents to explore the diverse ways in which they were implicated by their ancestor's practice of passing as white. Through a series of narratives, they share their reactions and explain how they have accommodated the forces of racialization in their own lives in order to maintain their location with respect to the colour line. The present study demonstrates how the influence of the social, political and economic forces shifted over time from one generation to the next in the process of developing racial designations for stratification purposes. This cross-cultural, crossborder (Canadian-American), cross-generational study offers rich insight to the process of racial assimilation and acculturation within a multicultural society, from both a historical and sociological perspective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.046 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".