The Ironic Double of Sin and Revenge: Concept of Revenge in Edgar Allen Poe and Nathanial Hawthorne
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Genesis, God put everlasting enmity between human beings and the serpent, which was then rewritten by John Milton in Paradise Lost; Milton’s God assigns human beings the task of revenging on the serpent, granting a sense of justice and sublime to the action of vengeance. The mutual-death picture of revenge, depicted in the Bible and sublimed by Milton, was rewritten de-constructively by Edgar Allen Poe in “The Cask of Amontillado” and also by Nathanial Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter. Both writers appropriated the mutual-death structure of avenger and victim to illustrate the miserable outcome and sinister nature of revenge. Poe and Hawthorne, echoing each other, transform the sublime mutual-death picture into an ironic double of sin and vengeance, in which occurs the ironic role-shifting between sinner and victim, the identification of the avenger as a greater sinner and the deconstruction of sublime and the possibility of redemption.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".