45 The Rise of Lyme Disease in Eastern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lyme disease is a multi-system illness with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Infection is caused by the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Over the past ten years, the incidence of Lyme disease has increased in Canada due to the spread of its vector, the blacklegged tick, most recently into the eastern region of Ontario. Increase in temperature with climate change and tick range expansion suggest that this trend will continue. Clinicians and the public need to be aware of the increased risk of Lyme disease among patients with outdoor exposures in suitable tick habitat as its region of endemicity expands. To describe the epidemiology of paediatric and adult Lyme disease in Eastern Ontario. Detailed local public health data on the incidence of Lyme disease in the general population in a large urban community in Eastern Ontario were analysed from 2009 to 2018. The incidence rate of locally-diagnosed Lyme disease in the region of study in children 0–18 years of age increased from 0.0/100,000 residents (0 cases) in 2009 to 6.4/100,000 (13 cases) in 2018. Among adults, incidence rates increased from 0.9/100,000 residents (6 cases) to 9.5/100,000 (77 cases). Peak incidence was 15.4/100,000 (31 cases) in children and 20.0/100,000 (159 cases) in adults in 2017 (see Figure). In 2018, 90 cases were diagnosed, median age 50 years, 41% female, 14% in children 0–18 years. The highest paediatric incidence rates were among children 6–10 years of age, and lowest in children 5 and under. Lyme disease diagnoses began in mid-May 2018 and continued until early December with a peak in mid-July. The incidence of Lyme disease has increased significantly in Eastern Ontario, with highest paediatric incidence noted in children 6–10 years of age. The implications for children with at-risk outdoor exposure in the region are that paediatricians and child health providers must consider Lyme disease as a possible diagnosis for compatible clinical presentations with a history of outdoor exposure to tick habitat in spring through fall months, and a need for ongoing targeted disease prevention strategies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".