Mortality Assessment of Botanical Oils on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) Applied in Fruits Under Laboratory Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of botanical oils on adult mortality and oviposition repellency of Anastrepha fraterculus in peach, apple and red cattley guava fruits. The fruits were treated by the dip method for 15 seconds with botanical oils of Ruta graveolens (0.05%), Cymbopogon citratus (1%), Cymbopogon winterianus (10%), Carapa guianensis (25%) and distilled water was used as a control. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with twenty replicates. After being treated, the fruits were dried at room temperature, placed in separate plastic containers (750 mL) and transferred to a room at 25±2 °C. Each fruit was exposed to two fruit fly couples for 48 hours. After this period, the amount of dead insects was recorded. On apple fruits kept in containers with sterilized vermiculite, the effect of the treatments on A. fraterculus biology was evaluated for 36 days, and data were collected on the amount of pupae in the second generation. C. winterianus oil presented mortality rates of 100 and 80% of adults in peach and apple fruits, respectively. C. citratus oil caused a significantly different mortality rate compared to the control in peach fruits, whereas C. guianensis oil caused A. fraterculus mortality in red cattley guava and apple fruits. The mortality of A. fraterculus in fruits treated with R. graveolens oil did not differ from the control treatment. The botanical oils of C. winterianus and C. guianensis protected apple fruits by preventing A. fraterculus proliferation, and there was a significant reduction of the amount of pupae in the second generation. Botanic oils presented potential for suppression of fruit flies; however, further studies are necessary to test and make them feasible under field conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".