<i>Alternaria alternata</i> Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of <i>Mangifera indica</i> in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 10Alternaria alternata Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Mangifera indica in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseAlternaria alternata Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Mangifera indica in ChinaJ. Liu, L. Yang, J. Zhou, G. Cai, X. Li, and J. LuJ. Liuhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-2774Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, L. YangKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, J. ZhouKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, G. CaiKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, X. Li†Corresponding authors: X. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected] and J. Lu; E-mail Address: [email protected]Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, and J. Lu†Corresponding authors: X. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected] and J. Lu; E-mail Address: [email protected]Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations J. Liu L. Yang J. Zhou G. Cai X. Li † J. Lu † Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China Published Online:14 Aug 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0801-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is currently ranked fifth in total production of the world's major fruit crops and is commonly known as "the king of fruits." It has been cultivated for more than 1,300 years in China. In 2017, China's mango yield reached 1,982,200 tons, with Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Fujian provinces as the main producing areas. However, in May 2018, a postharvest fruit rot was observed at an incidence of 8 to 10% on M. indica cultivar Tainong at the supermarket in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (31.48°N, 120.28°E). Symptoms on fruits initially appeared as small dark brown spots that later enlarged and became necrotic. To isolate the pathogen, symptomatic tissues were surface sterilized for 30 s with 75% ethanol followed by 0.1% mercuric chloride, rinsed in sterile distilled water, and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). The plates were incubated at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod for 7 days. The morphology of the cultured fungi was observed to be dark brown with whitish edges and abundant aerial mycelia. Conidiophores were septate and measured 22.4 to 53.2 × 1.8 to 3.3 μm. Conidia were borne in chains or singly and were obclavate or ovoid, measuring 8.6 to 37.2 × 7.3 to 15.7 μm (n = 50) with two to five transverse septa and zero to three longitudinal septa. Based on the morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria sp. (Simmons 2007). Total genomic DNA of the isolated fungus was extracted with a Plant/Fungi DNA Isolation Kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada). Translation elongation factor 1-alpha, internal transcribed spacer, actin gene, Alternaria major allergen, plasma membrane ATPase gene, and calmodulin gene were amplified with primers EF1-728F/986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), ITS1/ITS4, ACT512F/783R, Alt-for/Alt-rev, ATPDF1/DR1, and CALDF1/DR1 (Lawrence et al. 2013), respectively. Results of sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MK733276, MK733276, MK791190, MK791191, MK791192, and MK791193, respectively). BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% homology to ex-type sequences of A. alternata (KC584634, KF465761, MG736306, KP123858, JQ811979, and MG736308, respectively). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on surface-sterilized mango fruits; 4-mm-diameter mycelial plugs from colonies growing on PDA (7 days old) were placed on the surface of 24 mango fruits. Plugs of sterile PDA were placed on 12 healthy fruits as a control. The inoculated fruits were maintained in an artificial climate chamber at 25°C and 80 to 85% relative humidity with a 12-h photoperiod for 7 to 10 days. Dark-brown necrotic lesions developed similar to those observed on the original samples, whereas control fruits remained symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from infected fruits and confirmed as A. alternata based on morphological characteristics and the molecular sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing postharvest fruit rot of mango, and this pathogen has been reported to cause postharvest rot in kiwifruit (Li et al. 2017) and jujube (Alam et al. 2018). Postharvest fruit rot is a serious disease because it reduces fruit shelf life and threatens the sustainable development of fruits.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Alam, M. W., et al. 2018. Plant Dis. 102:452. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-17-1430-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarCarbone, I., and Kohn, L. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761358 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLawrence, D. P., et al. 2013. Mycologia 105:530. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-249 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLi, L., et al. 2017. Plant Dis. 101:1680. Google ScholarSimmons, E. G. 2007. Alternaria: An Identification Manual. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20181207), the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX19_1830), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP21914).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 10 October 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionBell pepper cv. Bomby infected with zucchini yellow mosaic virus along with cucumber mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus (Verma et al.). Photo credit: S. Tripathi. Severe stunting, leaf chlorosis, and horizontal head growth of sunflower infected with Plasmopara halstedii, causal agent of downy mildew (Humann et al.). Photo credit: S. Markell. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 3 Oct 2019Published: 14 Aug 2019First Look: 29 May 2019Accepted: 24 May 2019 Page: 2683 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceGrant/Award Number: BK20181207Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu ProvinceGrant/Award Number: KYCX19_1830Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesGrant/Award Number: JUSRP21914KeywordsAlternaria alternatamangopostharvest fruit rotThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byFirst Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot in Solanum muricatum Caused by Alternaria alternata in Southwest ChinaM. Chen, M. S. Jia, S. C. Li, L. H. Xiao, Y. B. Wang, W. W. Peng, J. Y. Chen, and M. L. Xiang1 August 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 9Natural compound/green nanoemulsions for disease control at postharvest stage in fruits

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