Permeability and reactivity of cemented paste backfill with sodium silicate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The key properties of sodium silicate-bearing cemented paste backfill (S-CPB) that have environmental impacts are investigated in this study.These properties include the permeability and reactivity of S-CPB.S-CPB consists of tailings, water and binder, along with the addition of sodium silicate, which is an alkali activator.The S-CPB samples are prepared and cured for 90 days.The reactivity of the S-CPB samples with sulphidic-tailings (45% wt.pyrite) is investigated by performing oxygen consumption (OC) tests, whereas the permeability of the S-CPB is evaluated through saturated hydraulic conductivity tests.The results of the OC tests show that the addition of 0.3% wt. of SS to CPB can reduce its reactivity due to an increase in the formation of cement hydration products in the CPB.Furthermore, the results show that SS reduces the hydraulic conductivity of the S-CPB by enhancing or refining its microstructure.The results obtained suggest that the addition of SS to CPB would reduce its environmental impacts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".