Probing Charged Aqueous Interfaces Near Critical Angles: Effect of Varying Coherence Length
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Angle-resolved vibrational sum frequency generation experiments have been used to study the silica–water interface as a function of ionic strength. Well below the critical angle, the sum frequency intensity increases up to 10–4 M NaCl and then drops. However, near the critical angle, a plateau may be observed up to 10–4 M. We first demonstrate that this is a result of the interaction of a long Debye length at low ionic strength with a long coherence length near the critical angles. In order to account for the behavior at the lowest concentrations where surface potentials are typically large, it is necessary to consider an electrostatic potential that extends into the bulk aqueous phase beyond the Debye–Hückel approximation. Because the extent of second- and third-order contributions to the nonlinear polarization can vary with ionic strength, but not with the angle of incidence, we perform a global fit to the experimental data using our proposed model to extract the relative magnitude of the two susceptibilities. The ionic strength dependence of this ratio points to the critical nature of the silanol deprotonation and the development of surface charge and illustrates how surface water molecules respond. These results highlight the importance of varying the coherence length in order to probe the water structure at charged interfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".