Baseline cardiac output and its alterations during ibuprofen treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may physiologically compensate with a supranormal cardiac output (CO). As such, a supranormal CO may be a surrogate marker for a significant PDA or indicate a failed response to PDA closure by ibuprofen. Electrical cardiometry (EC) is an impedance-based monitor that can continuously and non-invasively assess CO (COEC). We aimed to trend COEC through ibuprofen treatment for PDA in preterm infants. We reviewed our database of preterm infants receiving ibuprofen for PDA closure. Response to ibuprofen was defined as no ductal flow in echocardiography ≤24 h after treatment. Responders were compared with gestational age (GA) and postnatal age matched non-responders and their trends of COEC were compared. Both groups’ baseline COEC were further compared to the reference infants without PDA. Eighteen infants (9 responders and 9 non-responders) with median (interquatile range) GA 27.5 (26.6–28.6) weeks, birthweight 1038 (854–1218) g and age 3.5 (3.0–4.0) days were studied. There were positive correlations between COEC and ductal diameter and left atrium/ aortic root ratio (r = 0.521 and 0.374, p < 0.001, respectively). Both responders and non-responders had significantly higher baseline COEC than the reference. Although there was no significant within-subject alteration of COEC during ibuprofen treatment, there was a between-subject difference indicating non-responders had generally higher COEC. The changes of COEC during pharmacological closure of PDA is less drastic compared to surgical closure. Infants with PDA had higher baseline COEC compared to those without PDA, and non-responders had higher COEC especially at baseline compared to responders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".