Normative data on penile and anogenital measurements of term male infants in Sagamu, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To document normative data on penile size and anogenital distances of apparently normal term male infants in Sagamu, Nigeria. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 303 term male infants within the first 72 hours of life. Stretched penile length, penile width and three measures of anogenital distances were recorded: anogenital distance-1, anogenital distance-2 and anoscrotal distance. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) stretched penile length and penile width were 39.4 ± 4.2 mm and 11.0 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The mean values for anogenital distance-1, anogenital distance-2 and the anoscrotal distance were 48.7 ± 3.9 mm, 42.8 ± 4.6 mm and 25.5 ± 3.9 mm, respectively. Only penile width and anogenital distance-1 significantly correlated with all the anthropometric parameters but anogenital distance-1 had the strongest correlation (p < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSION: The observed mean stretched penile length was greater than previously reported. Local references are preferable in interpreting anogenital measurements in newborns to avoid diagnostic errors. There is need for a consensus on the definition of micropenis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".