751-P: Effect of Morning (Fasting) vs. Afternoon High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies of high intensity interval training (HIIE) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have had variable blood glucose outcomes, including increases, decreases, and no significant change during and after exercise. A potential unaccounted factor that may influence these outcomes is the time of day during which participants exercise. We hypothesized that morning (fasting) exercise (AMx) would increase blood glucose levels, while afternoon exercise (PMx) would decrease blood glucose levels throughout exercise (45 min) and recovery (60 min). Ten individuals with T1D (4M/6F) aged 31±6.6 years, with VO2peak 42.2±7.2 mLO2·kg-1·min-1, and diabetes duration 18.7±10.3 years, performed a HIIT protocol both while fasting in the morning (7 am), and in the late afternoon (5 pm). Sessions were separated by at least 48 hours, with the order randomly assigned. A standard snack was provided one hour prior to PMx to replicate previous study designs. The HIIE protocol consisted of a warm-up (10 min), 12 maximal sprints (10 seconds every 2 minutes - 24 min), and a cool down (11 min). Exercise was followed by a monitored recovery period (60 min). Capillary glucose (CG) was recorded at baseline, at the end of exercise, and 60 minutes post-exercise. Data were analyzed using a 2X3 ANOVA. An interaction of time and condition (p = 0.017) was found, indicating that CG levels followed different trajectories during AMx and PMx. Changes in CG during exercise were not significantly different between conditions (AMx = +1.8±2.6 vs. PMx = -0.4±3.2 mmol/L; p=-.141). Changes during the 60-minute recovery were significantly different (p=0.039) with the AMx condition resulting in a continued increase in CG (+0.4±1.5 mmol/L) while CG declined during recovery in PMx (-1.2±2.8 mmol/L). The design of future studies of HIIE in T1D, as well as recommendations for insulin adjustments and carbohydrate intake, should take into account the time of day that exercise is performed. Disclosure J.E. Yardley: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., LifeScan Canada. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Funding Augustana College
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".