Printed Thin Films with Controlled Porosity as Lateral Flow Media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traditional materials for lateral flow devices (cellulose, nitrocellulose) are typically produced in large batches with relatively thick membranes and a uniform pore size, making it challenging to develop devices with variable flow rates. With a view to the development of easily manufactured lateral flow media with variable porosity and flow rates, we investigated the ability to produce a fully printed porous media based on colloidal, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) dispersions containing latex binders. PCC dispersions with varying particle sizes were printed onto glass surfaces, and it was observed that flow rates could be controlled by varying particle size. On the basis of this finding, a device with three zones, having distinctly different porosities and wicking behaviors, was printed with three calcium carbonate inks in a single printing operation. The printed media were ∼10% the thickness of paper or nitrocellulose membranes, with lower porosities and wicking rates. We demonstrate that such PCC materials can adsorb enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with retention of activity, and show that a colorimetric ALP reaction giving a colored precipitate generated strong color signals on the printed PCC lateral flow media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".