A VOGAL DE APOIO EM POSIÇÃO INICIAL EM CLUSTERS /SC/ POR APRENDIZES DE INGLÊS COMO L2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Este estudo descreve e analisa o processo variável da vogal epentética em palavras na língua inglesa iniciadas por clusters por aprendizes brasileiros de inglês como segunda língua (L2). O objetivo dessa pesquisa é, então, identificar a frequência de inserção da vogal de apoio na posição inicial das palavras em língua inglesa que se iniciam com um dos seguintes clusters: /sp/, /st/, /sk/, /sl/, /sm/, e /sn/. O corpus deste estudo é constituído por 18 informantes paraibanos, aprendizes de inglês como L2, estratificados nos níveis básico, intermediário e avançado de proficiência. Os dados mostram que as variáveis sonoridade do encontro consonantal, nível de proficiência, instrução explícita na L2 e contexto precedente foram as mais relevantes à realização do fenômeno. REFERÊNCIASALLAN, D. Oxford placement test 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.ALVES, U. K. O que é consciência fonológica. IN: LAMPRECHT et. al. Consciência dos sons da língua: subsídios teóricos e práticos para alfabetizadores, fonoaudiólogos e professores de língua inglesa. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, 2012, p. 29-41.BOUDAOUD, M.; CARDOSO, W. Vocalic [e] epenthesis and variation in Farsi-English interlanguage speech. Concordia Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 2, 2009.CARDOSO, W. The variable development of English word-final stops by Brazilian Portuguese speakers:A stochastic optimality theoretic account. Language variation and change, v.19, 2007, p. 1-30.______, W. The Development of sC Onset Clusters in interlanguage: markedness vs. frequency effects. Proceedings of the 9th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference, (GASLA 2007), ed. Roumyana Slabakova et al., 15-29. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 2008.CARLISLE, R. The effects of markedness on epenthesis in Spanish/English interlanguage phonology. Issues and Developments in English and Applied Linguistics, 3, 1988, 15-23._______, R.S. The Influence of Environment on Vowel Epenthesis in Spanish/English Interphonology. Applied linguistics, v.12, n.1, 1991, p. 76-95._______, R. Environment and markedness as interacting constraints on vowel epenthesis. In:_______ J. Leather; JAMES, A (Eds.), New sounds 92 (p. 64–75). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam Press, 1992._______, R. S. Markedness and environment as internal constraints in the variability of interlanguage phonology. In:_____. M. Yavas (ed.) First and Second Language Phonology. San Diego: Singular Publishing Company, 1994 p. 223-249.______, R. The modification of onsets in a markedness relationship: Testing the interlanguage structural conformity hypothesis. Language learning, v.47, 1997, p. 327-361.______, R. The acquisition of onsets in a markedness relationship. A longitudinal study. Studies in second language acquisition. 20, 1998, 245–260.COLLISCHONN, G. Um estudo da epêntese à luz da teoria da sílaba de Junko Ito (1986). Letras de hoje, Porto Alegre: v. 31, n.2, 1996, p. 149-158.CORNELIAN JR, D. Brazilian learners’ production of initial /s/ clusters: Phonological structure and environment. New Sounds 2007: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second Language Speech, 2007.DUBOIS, J. et al. Dicionário de lingüística. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2006.ESCARTÍN, C. I. The development of sC onset clusters in Spanish English. Tese – Concordia University, Canadá, 2005.GASS, S.; SELINKER, L. (eds). Language transfer in language vs learning. Newbury House, Rowley, Massachusetts, 2008.LABOV, W. Padrões sociolinguísticos. Tradução de Marcos Bagno; Mª Marta Pereira Scherre e Caroline Rodrigues Cardoso. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, (1972) 2008.LUCENA, R. M; ALVES, F. C. Análise Variacionista da Aquisição do /p/ em Coda Silábica por Aprendizes de Inglês Como LE. Revista Intertexto. v. 5, n. 2, 2012.PEREYRON, L. Epêntese vocálica em encontros consonantais mediais por falantes porto-alegrenses de inglês como língua estrangeira. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre: 2008.RAUBER, A. S. The production of English initial /s/ clusters by Portuguese and Spanish EFL speakers. Unpublished Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC: Brazil, 2002.RAUBER S.; BAPTISTA. The production of English initial /s/ clusters by Portuguese and Spanish EFL speakers. Rev. Est. Ling. Belo Horizonte: v. 12, n. 2, 2004, p. 459-473.REBELLO, J. T. The acquisition of English initial /s/ clusters by Brazilian EFL learners. Florianópolis: UFSC, 1997.SANKOFF, D.; TAGLIAMONTE, S.; SMITH, E. GoldVarb X: a variable rule application for Macintosh and Windows. Department of Linguistics. University of Toronto, 2005.SELINKER, L. Rediscovering interlanguage. New York: Longman, 1972.SILVA. T. C. Dicionário de fonética e fonologia. São Paulo: Contexto, 2011. Recebido em 30-10-2018.Aceito em 22-02-2019.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".