Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the face of the Great Depression and the Hitlerfascism, the redivision of the world and the `peaceful` reorganization of the international Order was the cardinal problem. In this political situation, the Franklin Roosevelt administration wanted to integrate Germany in the Free Trade system by the economic appeasement based on the Open Door policy in order to solve the conflict of the great powers and establish the American hegemony. According to this strategy, Franklin Roosevelt tried to push positively the American-style economic appeasement towards Germany from 1937. But Neville Chamberlain who understood that the policy of the Roosevelt administration aims to establish the Free Trade Imperialism based on the economic supremacy of United States responded to the American challenge by the anti-Soviet Union `alliance` and the division of spheres of influence through the Hitler-Halifax talks in order to preserve the British Empire and the Imperial Preference System. According to this British strategy, the American-style economic appeasement which tried to coerce the Open Door system towards Germany through the policy cooperation between the two nations failed. Thus the Roosevelt administration followed passively the British- style appeasement policy from the beginning of 1938. Besides, the Roosevelt administration followed the policy of Neville Chamberlain because of the fear of communism after the Anschluss of Austria. In Particular according to anti-communism, the Roosevelt administration supported positively the Munich Agreement. But because of the Kristallnacht that occurred shortly after the conclusion of the Munich Agreement, the Roosevelt administration supported on the appearance the `aggressive` policy towards Germany. But the aggressive policy of the Roosevelt administration was not the change of policy from the economic appeasement to the containment policy. Thus after the failure of revision of the Neutrality Act, the only alternative policy was to assist the conclusion of the Triple Alliance Negotiations between Britain, France and Soviet Union beginning from the spring of 1939. But the Roosevelt administration adhered to the traditional `non-involvement` policy towards the European problems. According to this position, the Roosevelt administration asked for the solution of the polish crisis through negotiation to Hitler. (Korea University/kssgh@hanmail.net)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".