Countering the Use of Leading Sectors of Digital Economy by Organized Crime: European Experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The digital economy on a global scale is developing at a fast pace and acts as an accelerator of innovation, competitiveness and economic growth in the world. Most of the advanced countries of the world, such as the USA, Canada, Japan, and Germany are developing the digital economy and introducing digital technologies in their societies as a strategic goal, which in the future should be the driving force of innovation development, including for the Ukrainian economy. The purpose of the article is to highlight the European experience of preventing and countering organized crime in the digital economy, carrying out an analysis of the novels of modern legislation. The theoretical basis and scientific issues of the chosen scientific direction were considered in the fundamental works of such scholars as: V.M. Butuzov, M.O. Budakov, S.V. Demediuk, V.V. Markov, A.I. Marushchak. Law enforcement agencies should have the tools, methods and experience to combat the criminal misuse of encryption and anonymity methods. To prevent criminals from using encryption and anonymization methods, law enforcement agencies should retrain personnel, and not only employees of units engaged in combating cybercrime, and also have at their disposal the necessary software and hardware systems. In addition, law enforcement officers should be provided with the necessary software tools that allow the use of cyber tools to investigate not only particularly complex, but also any crimes in digital format. Conclusions. Currently, the main task for which the digital economy is aimed is the introduction of digital technologies in industrial production, education, medicine and other fields. It’s common knowledge that the sectors of the economy that use digital technology are developing faster and better. Spheres of human activity, including education, medicine, transport, agriculture, are being modernized thanks to digital technologies, becoming much more efficient and creating new value and quality. Indeed, the continuous development of digital technologies is also one of the reasons for the increase in the scale of the shadow economy, since along with the development of modern technologies, new opportunities for the growth of “digital crime” are emerging. Assessing the impact of the “digital economy” on the national and world economy, as well as inevitably on the entire social sphere, is very important, given the growing problems of the spread of transnational crime in the virtual space, which is also being modernized on a permanent basis. The basis of the development of the digital economy is the blockchain technology, which finds its application in various fields. Describing the state of organized crime in the economic sphere, it is advisable to allocate it in a separate category for the study of crime in the sphere of the “digital economy”. Evaluation of the impact of the digital economy on the national and world economy allows us to state that the continuous modernization of crime remains relevant, which is constantly being improved as part of the active continuous electronicization and digitalization of society. Another factor that should be considered when countering crimes in the “digital economy” is the enormous victimization rate
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".