Splitting droplets through coalescence of two different three-phase contact lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Moving contact lines of more than two phases dictate a large number of interfacial phenomena. Despite their significance in fundamental and applied processes, the contact lines at a junction of four-phases (two immiscible liquids, a solid and gas) have been addressed only in a few investigations. Here, we report an intriguing phenomenon that follows after the four phases oil, water, solid and gas make contact through the coalescence of two different three-phase contact lines. We combine experimental studies and theoretical analyses to reveal and rationalize the dynamics exhibited upon the coalescence between the contact line of a micron-sized oil droplet and the receding contact line of a millimeter-sized water drop that covers the oil droplet on the substrate. We find that after the coalescence a four-phase contact line is formed for a brief period. However this quadruple contact line is not stable, leading to a 'droplet splitting' effect and eventually expulsion of the oil droplet from the water drop. We then show that the interfacial tension between the different phases and the viscosity of the oil droplet dictate the splitting dynamics. More viscous oils display higher resistance to the extreme deformations of the droplet induced by the instability of the quadruple contact line and no droplet expulsion is observed in such cases.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".