Gas-Phase Chemistry of Bare V<sup>+</sup> Cation with Oxygen and Water at Room Temperature: Formation and Hydration of Vanadium Oxide Cations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mass spectrometric experiments at extremely low (<10 -6 mbar) and moderate (0.5 mbar) pressures are used to examine the reactions of atomic vanadium cation with molecular oxygen and water. With O 2, rapid O-atom abstraction gives rise to the formation of VO + cation ( k = 3 × 10 -10 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 ). Interestingly, despite a similar thermochemistry, the O-atom transfer from water to bare V + is less efficient by more than an order of magnitude ( k = 8 × 10 -12 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 ). Subsequent associations of VO + with either O 2 or H 2 O occur with very low efficiencies and involve termolecular stabilization mechanisms. The low probability of degenerate 16 O/ 18 O exchange between VO + and water indicates the operation of a sizable kinetic barrier. Ab initio calculations using density functional theory lend further support to the interpretation of the experimental data and provide the first thermochemical information on VO n + cations with n > 2, as well as some hydrated species. In general, the dipolar water ligand is found to be much more strongly bound to the cationic vanadium complexes than is dioxygen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".