Gd<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3–<i>x</i></sub><i>Pn</i><sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>Pn</i> = P, Sb, Bi, <i>x</i> = 0.5–3): Stabilizing the Nonexisting Gd<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub> Binary through Valence Electron Concentration. Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Gd<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3–<i>x</i></sub><i>Pn</i><sub><i>x</i></sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gd(4)Ge(3-x)Pn(x) (Pn = P, Sb, Bi; x = 0.5-3) phases have been prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction, wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy, and magnetization measurements. All Gd(4)Ge(3-x)Pn(x) phases adopt a cubic anti-Th(3)P(4) structure, and no deficiency on the Gd or p-element site could be detected. Only one P-containing phase with the Gd(4)Ge(2.51(5))P(0.49(5)) composition could be obtained, as larger substitution levels did not yield the phase. Existence of Gd(4)Ge(2.51(5))P(0.49(5)) and Gd(4)Ge(2.49(3))Bi(0.51(3)) suggests that the hypothetical Gd(4)Ge(3) binary can be easily stabilized by a small increase in the valence electron count and that the size of the p element is not a key factor. Electronic structure calculations reveal that large substitution levels with more electron-rich Sb and Bi are possible for charge-balanced (Gd(3+))(4)(Ge(4-))(3) as extra electrons occupy the bonding Gd-Gd and Gd-Ge states. This analysis also supports the stability of Gd(4)Sb(3) and Gd(4)Bi(3). All Gd(4)Ge(3-x)Pn(x) phases order ferromagnetically with relatively high Curie temperatures of 234-356 K. The variation in the Curie temperatures of the Gd(4)Ge(3-x)Sb(x) and Gd(4)Ge(3-x)Bi(x) series can be explained through the changes in the numbers of conduction electrons associated with Ge/Sb(Bi) substitution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".