Blood flow restricted resistance exercise and reductions in oxygen tension attenuate mitochondrial H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> emission rates in human skeletal muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key points Blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFR‐RE) is capable of inducing comparable adaptations to traditional resistance exercise (RE), despite a lower total exercise volume. It has been suggested that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be involved in this response; however, oxygen partial pressure ( ) is reduced during BFR‐RE, and the influence of on mitochondrial redox balance remains poorly understood. In human skeletal muscle tissue, we demonstrate that both maximal and submaximal mitochondrial ROS emission rates are acutely decreased 2 h following BFR‐RE, but not RE, occurring along with a reduction in tissue oxygenation during BFR‐RE. We further suggest that is involved in this response because an in vitro analysis revealed that reducing dramatically decreased mitochondrial ROS emissions and electron leak to ROS. Altogether, these data indicate that mitochondrial ROS emission rates are attenuated following BFR‐RE, and such a response is likely influenced by reductions in . Abstract Low‐load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFR‐RE) training has been proposed to induce comparable adaptations to traditional resistance exercise (RE) training, however, the acute signalling events remain unknown. Although a suggested mechanism of BFR‐RE is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxygen partial pressure ( ) is reduced during BFR‐RE, and the influence of O2 tension on mitochondrial redox balance remains ambiguous. We therefore aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics were altered following an acute bout of BFR‐RE or RE, and to further examine the role of in this response. Accordingly, muscle biopsies were obtained from 10 males at rest and 2 h after performing three sets of single‐leg squats (RE or BFR‐RE) to failure at 30% one‐repetition maximum. We determined that mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ADP sensitivity were not altered in response to RE or BFR‐RE. Although maximal (succinate) and submaximal (non‐saturating ADP) mitochondrial ROS emission rates were unchanged following RE, BFR‐RE attenuated these responses by ∼30% compared to pre‐exercise, occurring along with a reduction in skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation during BFR‐RE (P < 0.01 vs. RE). In a separate cohort of participants, evaluation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in vitro revealed that mild O2 restriction (50 µm) dramatically attenuated maximal (∼4‐fold) and submaximal (∼50‐fold) mitochondrial ROS emission rates and the fraction of electron leak to ROS compared to room air (200 µm). Combined, these data demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS emissions are attenuated following BFR‐RE, a response which may be mediated by a reduction in skeletal muscle .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".