Synthesis and biological investigations of 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides coupled to a dihydropyridine/pyridinium salt redox chemical delivery system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The syntheses, antiviral activities, and partition coefficients (P) of 3'-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)-coupled nucleosides are described. These novel compounds were designed in an effort to enhance the lipophilicity, and thereby the delivery to the CNS, without compromising the anti-HSV-1 activity of the parental nucleosides. We have previously reported the synthesis of 3'-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3- carbonyl) analogs of 5-iodo-(5), 5-vinyl-(6), and (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridines (7). We now report the synthesis of 5-iodo-3'-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3- carbonyl)-5'-O-acetyl-2'-deoxyuridine (15) and 3'-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (17). Quarternization of the 3'-O-(3-pyridylcarbonyl) compounds (10,12) using iodomethane afforded the corresponding 1-methyl pyridinium salts (13,14) which were reduced with sodium dithionite to yield the corresponding 3'-O-1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl compounds (15,16). The deprotection of 3'-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl- 3-carbonyl)-5'-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-2'-deoxyuridine (16) with Bu4N+F- afforded 3'-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (17). Compounds 5-7 and 15 were evaluated for their antiviral activity in vitro against HSV-1, HSV-2, HCMV, and VZV, and were found to retain anti-HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV activity as compared to their parental nucleosides (1-3). In addition, the cellular toxicity of 3'-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)-coupled compounds (5-7 and 15) was found to be lower than the parent nucleosides. The lipophilicity of compounds (5-7,15,17) are enhanced substantially, compared to the parent nucleosides, as indicated by an increase in corresponding P values (1-octanol-water) upon replacement of the C-3' hydroxyl by 1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl moiety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".