A quark nova in the wake of a core-collapse supernova: a unifying model for long duration gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract By appealing to a quark nova (QN; the explosive transition of a neutron star to a quark star) in the wake of a core-collapse supernova (CCSN) explosion of a massive star, we develop a unified model for long duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and fast radio bursts (FRBs). The time delay (years to decades) between the SN and the QN, and the fragmented nature (i.e., millions of chunks) of the relativistic QN ejecta are key to yielding a robust LGRB engine. In our model, an LGRB light curve exhibits the interaction of the fragmented QN ejecta with turbulent (i.e., filamentary and magnetically saturated) SN ejecta which is shaped by its interaction with an underlying pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The afterglow is due to the interaction of the QN chunks, exiting the SN ejecta, with the surrounding medium. Our model can fit BAT/XRT prompt and afterglow light curves simultaneously with their spectra, thus yielding the observed properties of LGRBs (e.g., the Band function and the X-ray flares). We find that the peak luminositypeak photon energy relationship (i.e., the Yonetoku law), and the isotropic energy-peak photon energy relationship (i.e., the Amati law) are not fundamental but phenomenological. FRB-like emission in our model results from coherent synchrotron emission (CSE) when the QN chunks interact with non-turbulent weakly magnetized PWN-SN ejecta, where conditions are prone to the Weibel instability. Magnetic field amplification induced by the Weibel instability in the shocked chunk frame sets the bunching length for electrons and pairs to radiate coherently. The resulting emission frequency, luminosity and duration in our model are consistent with FRB data. We find a natural unification of high-energy burst phenomena from FRBs (i.e., those connected to CCSNe) to LGRBs including X-ray flashes (XRFs) and X-ray rich GRBs (XRR-GRBs) as well as superluminous SNe (SLSNe). We find a possible connection between ultra-high energy cosmic rays and FRBs and propose that a QN following a binary neutron star merger can yield a short duration GRB (SGRB) with fits to BAT/XRT light curves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".