Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), detection and monitoring in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an invasive pest causing extreme levels of mortality in ash (Fraxinus spp., Oleaceae) in the USA and Canada. Knowledge of buprestid chemical ecology is sparse, but the appearance of EAB in North America and its devastating ecological and economic impacts have afforded an opportunity to study its semiochemistry and biology in detail. We review the chemical ecology of EAB and the application of its sex pheromone, the female-produced (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide ((3Z)-lactone), and the green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol, in operational surveys and experimental control strategies. Adding (3Z)-lactone to green sticky prism traps with (3Z)-hexenol on the south aspect of the tree canopy consistently increases trap captures and detection rates at low insect densities. This bait combination is more attractive than (3Z)-hexenol alone, especially when traps are in a competitive deployment. Using a ‘push–pull’ strategy, some nonhost volatiles deployed in ash trees significantly lower trap capture and may be useful in the push component, with a girdled tree treated with systemic insecticide constituting the pull component. We review reliable branch sampling techniques to estimate incidence and density of EAB which positively correlate with trap capture. We recommend using these combined tools to detect, delimit, and monitor EAB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".