Face Recognition with Triangular Fuzzy Set-Based Local Cross Patterns in Wavelet Domain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a new face recognition architecture is proposed using fuzzy-based Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and fuzzy with two novel local graph descriptors. These graph descriptors are called Local Cross Pattern (LCP). The proposed fuzzy wavelet-based face recognition architecture consists of DWT, Triangular fuzzy set transformation, and textural feature extraction with local descriptors and classification phases. Firstly, the LL (Low-Low) sub-band is obtained by applying the 2 Dimensions Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D DWT) to face images. After that, the triangular fuzzy transformation is applied to this band in order to obtain A, B, and C images. The proposed LCP is then applied to the B image. LCP consists of two types of descriptors: Vertical Local Cross Pattern (VLCP) and Horizontal Local Cross Pattern (HLCP). Linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant, analysis, quadratic kernel-based support vector machine (QKSVM), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) were ultimately used to classify the extracted features. Ten widely used descriptors in the literature are applied to the fuzzy wavelet architecture. AT&T, CIE, Face94, and FERET databases are used for performance evaluation of the proposed methods. Experimental results show that the LCP descriptors have high face recognition performance, and the fuzzy wavelet-based model significantly improves the performances of the textural descriptors-based face recognition methods. Moreover, the proposed fuzzy-based domain and LCP method achieved classification accuracy rates of 97.3%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 96.3% for AT&T, CIE, Face94, and FERET datasets, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".