Aquatic insects as a vector for antibiotic resistant gene-bearing bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) are commonly detected in microbes from effluents emanating from municipal wastewater lagoons on the Canadian Prairies. Previous studies have reported the detection of ARGs on insects in agricultural areas. I hypothesized that insects emerging from wastewater lagoons could be a vector for the transfer of microbes bearing ARGs to surrounding environments. To test our hypothesis, I conducted a semi-controlled, field-based mesocosm study at the Prairie Wetland Research Facility, as well as a field study at the Dunnottar, MB wastewater lagoons. At each site, emergence traps were set up to capture insects and water samples were collected to analyze for ARGs and associated antibiotics. I was unable to measure ARGs or 16S-rRNA in insects emerging from the systems. I concluded that, because I were unable to measure 16S-rRNA or sulfonamide resistant genes in the emerged insects, they are likely not a significant source of ARGs to the wider environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".