Aquatic community monitoring following the exclusion of cattle from a small watercourse in eastern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies on the impacts of cattle on the aquatic environment have mainly focused on cold water systems with high intensity grazing, and may be of limited relevance for assessing impacts of cattle grazing on low gradient, low intensity sites such as those in eastern Ontario. The present study looks at changes to the aquatic habitat following the removal of cattle from a watercourse. Biomonitoring was completed at an aquatic restoration site over a four year period encompassing pre- and post-implementation conditions. The initial results indicated modest improvements in the habitat and in the benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities following exclusion of cattle from the watercourse. Trends over time suggested an increase in the proportion of sensitive benthic macroinvertebrates, a decrease in tolerant benthic species and an increase in fish density. Longer-term monitoring is required to observe changes to the aquatic communities following the growth of woody riparian vegetation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".