Ion Channels from Linear and Branched Bola‐Amphiphiles.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the ion channel activity of three new bola-amphiphiles is\ndescribed. These compounds are conceptually derived from a previously reported bis-cyclophane\nbola-amphiphile through opening of the cyclophanes to acyclic structures and were found to readily\nform ion channels in planar bilayer membranes as assessed by bilayer clamp single-channel analysis.\nAll three compounds behaved very similarly: the dominant channels formed by all three are Ohmic\nwith specific conductance of 10 ± 1 pS (NaCl electrolyte) and 39 ± 1 pS (CsCl electrolyte). Single-ion permeability ratios, determined from dissymmetric electrolyte experiments, showed the\nselectivity <i>P</i>(Cs<sup>+</sup>) > <i>P</i>(Na<sup>+</sup>) > <i>P</i>(Cl<sup>-</sup>). Less frequently, lower conductance channels were also observed\nto act independently of the dominant channels. The lifetimes of the dominant channels range from\n70 to 280 ms for the three compounds with some very long-lived openings (20−40 s) observed for\ntwo of the three. The lower conductance states have shorter lifetimes. This study demonstrates\nthat bis-macrocyclic compounds are not essential for channel formation by bola-amphiphiles, and\nopens a new class of channel-forming compounds for structure−activity optimization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".