New Low-Area Designs for the AES Forward, Inverse and Combined S-Boxes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The implementation of AES S-boxes is one of the most extensively studied areas of cryptography. In this paper, we propose three new hardware designs for the AES S-box that can serve in the forward, inverse and combined data paths. Each of these designs represents the smallest AES S-box ever proposed in its respective category. We achieve this goal by using new tower field representation over normal bases and optimizing each and every block inside the three proposed architectures. Our complexity analysis and ASIC synthesis results in the CMOS STM 65 nm, as well as the NanGate 15 nm technologies, show that our designs outperform their counterparts in terms of area and power.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it