Time-varying identification of intrinsic and reflex joint stiffness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dynamic joint stiffness is an important property of the neuromuscular system used to control movement and stability of the body. Joint stiffness may be thought of as a combination of two physiological components: an intrinsic component encompassing the mechanical properties of the joint, muscle, and tissues, and a reflex component arising from muscle activation in response to stretch. The functional role of joint stiffness and reflex stiffness, in particular, during movement remains relatively unknown. Current stationary methods for system identification are not applicable, since the system properties are time-varying. This thesis examined time-varying, intrinsic and reflex dynamics of the human ankle joint during movement. A parallel-cascade algorithm was used in conjunction with ensemble techniques to identify joint dynamics as time-varying systems. The algorithm was validated using both simulated and experimental data. Experimental results suggest that reflexes are tonically inhibited, but modulate phasically to adapt to the functional requirements of a movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".