Theoretical studies of azulene and its derivatives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The results of ab initio calculations with the 6-31G basis sets on azulene and its derivatives (including azulenequinones and diazoazulenequinones) are presented in accordance with considerations of their structures and bonding. Azulene is a non-alternant compound with ten π electrons and has either a C s or C 2v symmetry depending on the different carbon bonding. The semiempirical and HF ab initio calculations converge to a C s symmetry and the DFT and MP2 calculations converge to a C 2v symmetry as a ground state structure of azulene. The CIS calculations describe the excited state of azulene and the first excitation energy (S 0 - S 1 ) is 533 nm (CIS/6-31+G * ), which could illustrate the azure color of azulene. According to the geometry analysis, there are 16 geometrical isomers in azulenequinone conjugated diketones of azulene. Ab initio calculation with the 6-31G basis set generates 1,5- and 1,7-azulenequinone being the most stable isomers of azulenequinone. Theoretically, the relative stability of the bromination product of azulenequinones indicates that 7-bromo-1,5-azulenequinone and 3-bromo-1,7- azulenequinone (for monobromoazulenequinones) and 3,7-dibromo-1,5- azulenequinone and 3,5-dibromo-1,7-azulenequinone (for dibromoazulenequinones) are more stable isomers. The product of diazotization of amino- bromoazulenes is diazoazulenequinone in which a diazo group replaces a ketone group. Isomeric 1,8- and 1,2-diazoazulenequinones are the most stable isomers of diazoazulenequinone according to the theoretical consideration. Due to the resonance and relative stability, diazoazulenequinone may easily extrude nitrogen and form the corresponding triplet ketocarbene intermediate and electronic isomers that undergo photoreaction with THF leading to a polyether bridged azulene (crown type ether). The cyclic reactions in diazoazulenequinone are also studied.Key words: azulene, azulenequinone, diazoazulenequinone, ab initio.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".