Multifunctional Antennas for Cognitive Radio Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evolution, design concept and practical realization of multifunctional antennas (MFA) are systematically reported in this paper. MFAs, traditionally evolved as an intelligent solution to mitigate lower spectrum-utilization using the opportunistic spectrum allocation-policy, are key component for modern wireless applications, such as multi-standard radios, cognitive radios (CR) of software defined radio (SDR) environment. Traditional realizations of MFAs use multiple radiating elements on a common substrate which enhances design constrains in terms of mitigating/reducing parasitic coupling and spurious impacts of the rotary arrangements required for actuating various radiating elements. In this paper, recent research contribution of designing MFAs employing a single UWB radiating element is reported. Improvised feed design with combinatorial loading of SRRs and PIN diodes on a printed monopole antenna, along with controlling their position in the feed region, results into multifunctional operation. Design strategy, techniques, and theoretical ideas for realizing MFAs along with simulated and experimental results are presented in this paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".