Endoscopic Removal of Migrated Intrauterine Device: Case Report and Review of Literature and Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are commonly used contraceptive methods. Uterine perforation and device migration are rare but have been/are previously described as adverse events. Migration of the perforated IUD into the bowel is rare and generally requires surgical removal. We describe the endoscopic removal of an IUD embedded in the rectal wall in an otherwise healthy patient. Extraction of the IUD was uncomplicated, well tolerated, and followed by same-day hospital discharge. No prophylactic hemostasis or antimicrobial coverage was needed. We also present a comprehensive review of the reported endoscopic IUD removal. We recommend close investigation and follow-up when pregnancy or other potential signs of IUD migration occur. Endoscopic removal appears to be a safe and cost-effective technique for the extraction of IUDs that migrate into the bowel lumen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".