Blueberry Consumption Improves Glycemic Control, Triglycerides and Liver Enzymes in US Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes (P06-124-19)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of blueberry consumption on biomarkers of glycemic control in US veterans with type 2 diabetes. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study, fifty-five men (mean baseline characteristics: 67 years; weight, 103 kg; body mass index, 34 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups for 8 weeks. The treatment groups were either 22 g of a freeze-dried whole blueberry powder (equivalent to 1 cup of fresh blueberries; containing 845 mg phenolics and 470 mg anthocyanins) or 22 g of a blueberry placebo treatment (matched in energy and carbohydrate content to the blueberry treatment). The study participants were asked to consume 11 g of freeze-dried (equivalent to ½ cup of fresh blueberries) blueberry powder or placebo, reconstituted with 240 ml water, with their morning and evening meals along with their typical diet. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the study. Fructosamine (275.5 ± 4.1 μmol/L vs. 292.4 ± 7.9 μmol/L, respectively; P = 0.04) and hemoglobin A1C (7.1 ± 0.1% vs. 7.5 ± 0.2%, respectively; P = 0.03) were significantly lower for study participants consuming blueberries for 8 weeks compared with the placebo. In addition, triglycerides (160.6 ± 13.1 mg/dl vs. 183.9 ± 10.7 mg/dl, respectively; P = 0.03), aspartate transaminase (AST) (23.2 ± 1.4 units/L vs. 30.5 ± 2.7 units/L, respectively; P = 0.02) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (35.6 ± 1.5 units/L vs. 48.3 ± 2.9 units/L, respectively; P = 0.0003), were significantly lower for those consuming blueberries compared with the placebo. Glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and body weight were not significantly different after 8 weeks of consumption of blueberries compared with the placebo. Consumption of 22 g of freeze-dried blueberries daily for 8 weeks results in better glycemic control, such as lowering of fructosamine and hemoglobin A1C. These results along with lower triglyceride concentrations show improvement in the liver enzymes, AST and ALT, which may beneficially affect the cardiometabolic health status of men with type 2 diabetes. The U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council; the study is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at the Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".