A New Approach To Quantify the Ordering State of Protodolomite Using XRD, TEM, and Z-Contrast Imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dolomite, an ordered Ca-Mg-carbonate mineral, is abundant in the sedimentary record but found only rarely found in Holocene and modern marine settings. Instead, protodolomite, a partially ordered Ca-Mg-carbonate with a composition close to ideal dolomite, and disordered dolomite occur in specific modern sedimentary settings. In this study, the protodolomite in a late Holocene stromatolite collected from Manito Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada, was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Z-contrast imaging from scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The protodolomite is characterized by nano-domains exhibiting a weak to moderate degree of Ca-Mg ordering based on attenuated and diffuse “b” reflections in selected-area diffraction patterns. The stromatolite also contains disordered dolomite that lack “b” reflections. Using Z-contrast images and image simulations, a quantitative approach was developed to calculate and constrain the ordering state of protodolomite, a parameter that is generally difficult to determine. With ordering contour lines constructed from this study, the ordering state of a weakly ordered dolomite can be quantified based on its d104 value and composition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".