Montmorillonite K-10 clay as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the microwave-mediated solventless synthesis of phthalazinetetraones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Different phthalazino[2,3-b]phthalazine-5,7,12,14-tetraones were synthesized in a simple and environmentally benign method from the reaction of some phthalic anhydrides with semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide using montmorillonite K-10 clay as solid heterogeneous acidic catalyst and microwaves under solvent-free conditions in good yields and short reaction times. The present method has many obvious advantages compared with those reported in the literature, including high efficiency, higher yield, operational simplicity, environmental benignity, and the possibility of recycling the solid clay. The solid clay catalyst used in the first cycle of the reactions was successfully recovered and reused in the second cycle, showing a gradual decrease in activity.Key words: montmorillonite K-10 clay, microwave, solvent-free condition, phthalazinetetraones, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".