Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Modern asymmetric synthesis relies on new and improved catalytic transformations. Understanding the balance of steric and electronic factors is a prerequisite to fine-tuning a catalyst to achieve optimal selectivity in a particular reaction. Among the chiral ligands developed so far, BINOL 1 and related molecules with axial chirality have found wide utility in asymmetric catalysis (1). 1BINOL BINOL was first synthesized in 1926 (2), however, its potential as a ligand for metal-mediated catalysis was left unrecognized until 1979 when Noyori demonstrated its utility in the reduction of aromatic ketones and aldehydes (3). Since Noyori's discovery, many modifications of the BINOL skeleton aimed at changing its steric and electronic properties have been reported (4). For example, partially hydrogenated BINOL was used in enantioselective alkylation of aldehydes (4a); conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cyclic enones (4b); and ring opening of epoxides (4c). Selective bromination at the 6 and 6' positions of the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".