Effect of Acute and Chronic Nicotine Exposure on Anxiety-like Behaviour in Zebrafish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nicotine is an addictive compound that acts through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs ). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are becoming an increasingly important animal model for pharmacological research and demonstrate varied effects of acute nicotine exposure on behaviour. For example, nicotine enhanced spatial position discrimination learning and increased object recognition memory. However, there have been opposing results on nicotine's action on anxiety-like behaviour and no studies examining the impact of withdrawal following chronic nicotine administration. In order to examine the effects of chronic and acute nicotine exposure on anxiety-like behaviour in wild-type adult zebrafish, we administered single doses of 25, 50, 100, or 400mg/L for acute experiments, or 2.5 , 5, or 20mg/L one-hour doses per day for 21 days for chronic experiments. Anxiety-like behaviours were observed using the novel object approach test which involves placing a fish in a circular arena containing a novel object placed in the center. Time spent in the outer (thigmotaxis), middle (transition), and inner zones, distance moved, and immobility were measured with a motion tracking software. Acute doses of nicotine significantly increased time spent in the transition zone, and significantly decreased time spent in the thigmotaxis zone indicating decreased anxiety. On the contrary, chronic nicotine exposure at 20 mg/L significantly increased anxiety as indicated by an increased time spent in the thigmotaxis zone. This study demonstrates that acute nicotine exposure decreases anxiety-like behaviour whereas chronic exposure causes increased anxiety-like behaviour during withdrawal. Discipline: Psychology (Honours) Faculty Mentor: Dr. Trevor Hamilton
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".