Bismuth Aluminate: A New High-<i>T</i><sub>C</sub>Lead-Free Piezo-/ferroelectric
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials, which have a reversible spontaneous polarization and generate an electric potential when subjected to a mechanical stress (piezoelectricity), have applications in nonvolatile random access memory devices and micro-electromechanical systems. For such applications, materials that remain ferroelectric up to high temperatures are desired. Bismuth aluminate has been predicted to be one such material. We present herein the first characterization of the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramic BiAlO 3 synthesized by the high-pressure method. It is demonstrated that BiAlO 3 is indeed a lead-free ferroelectric with a Curie temperature T C > 520 °C, a piezoelectric coefficient d 33 = 28 pC/N, and a room-temperature remnant polarization P r = 9.5 μC/cm 2 . P r increases with temperature, reaching 26.7 μC/cm 2 at 225 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".