A linkage between the activity and the chemical potential
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A minimisation of an appropriate characteristic function (such as the Gibbs energy) of a system resulting in establishing its equilibrium state does not require a notion of component's activity, which, in contrast to the chemical potential, is nothing more than a helpful auxiliary entity bounded by finite limits. Also, the minimisation procedure does not impose rules on how a reference state for each component should be chosen, because the equilibrium state is not affected by particularities of such a selection. However, the choice of the reference state and the definition of activity become important when it is needed to determine what will happen with a numerical value of the activity of a component in a phase (such as molten steel or slag) when a reference state with respect to which it was specified changes. In this paper, it is argued that the activity ought to be introduced as μi=RTlnai rather than μi=μi0+RTlnai.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it