Collisionless shock acceleration of narrow energy spread ion beams from mixed species plasmas using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> lasers
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Collisionless shock acceleration of protons and ${\mathrm{C}}^{6+}$ ions has been achieved by the interaction of a ${10}^{20}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, $1\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ laser with a near-critical density plasma. Ablation of the initially solid density target by a secondary laser allows for systematic control of the plasma profile. This enables the production of beams with peaked spectra with energies of $10--18\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{amu}$ and energy spreads of 10%--20% with up to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ particles within these narrow spectral features. The narrow energy spread and similar velocity of ion species with different charge-to-mass ratios are consistent with acceleration by the moving potential of a shock wave. Particle-in-cell simulations show shock accelerated beams of protons and ${\mathrm{C}}^{6+}$ ions with energy distributions consistent with the experiments. Simulations further indicate the plasma profile determines the trade-off between the beam charge and energy and that with additional target optimization narrow energy spread beams exceeding $100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{amu}$ can be produced using the same laser conditions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.070 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it