Advantages of second-order work as a rational safety factor and stability analysis of a reinforced rock slope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Landslides can be considered as a static–dynamic transition with the sudden release of kinetic energy. The sharp vanishing of the second-order work is also linked to this phenomenon. In this study, the relation between the second-order work and the kinetic energy is reviewed, and five advantages of the normalized global second-order work (D2Wn) as a factor of safety (FOS) are proposed and discussed, comparing this FOS with the one based on the strength reduction method. The D2Wn is considered in the explicit algorithm of the finite difference method, and its mesh-independence is numerically checked by a series of triaxial compression tests. By simulating the excavations of a reinforced rock slope, the stability analyses are performed using the D2Wn and the traditional FOS. The D2Wn is proven completely independent of the convergence criterion and more sensitive to the global failure. Finally, a recently developed energy-absorbing cable is considered for supporting the studied rock slope. Its supporting effect is compared with that of traditional cables.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".