Discovery of High-Latitude CO in an H [CSC]i[/CSC] Supershell in NGC 5775
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the discovery of very high latitude molecular gas in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5775. Emission from both the J = 1-0 and 2-1 lines of 12 CO is detected up to 4.8 kpc away from the midplane of the galaxy. NGC 5775 is known to host a number of H I supershells. The association of the molecular gas ( M = 3.1 × 10 7 M ☉ ) reported here with one of the H I supershells (labeled F2) is clear, which suggests that molecular gas may have survived the process that originally formed the supershell. Alternatively, part of the gas could have been formed in situ at high latitude from shock compression of preexisting H I gas. The CO J = 2-1/ J = 1-0 line ratio of 0.34 ± 40% is significantly lower than unity, which suggests that the gas is excited subthermally, with gas density a few times 10 2 cm -3 . The molecular gas is likely in the form of cloudlets that are confined by magnetic and cosmic-ray pressure. The potential energy of the gas at high latitude is found to be 2 × 10 56 ergs, and the total (H I+H 2 ) kinetic energy is 9 × 10 53 ergs. Based on the energetics of the supershell, we suggest that most of the energy in the supershell is in the form of potential energy and that the supershell is on the verge of falling and returning the gas to the disk of the galaxy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".