Fleecing the Lambs? The Founding and Early Years of the Vancouver Stock Exchange
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given the contentious and sometimes colorful role that the Vancouver Stock Exchange (VSE) played in the economic development of British Columbia, the lack of scholarly attention to the history of the exchange is somewhat surprising. The most widely referenced contribution dedicated solely to the history of the VSE, Fleecing the lamb: the inside story of the Vancouver Stock Exchange, is largely devoid of references and contains numerous historical inaccuracies about the founding and early years of the exchange this paper aims to dispel. Employing an array of primary and secondary sources, this paper provides the first scholarly examination of events leading to the founding of the VSE in 1907. An explicit connection is made between the business leaders and social elite of Vancouver with the founding members of the VSE. The evolution of exchange membership is examined and a speculative bubble in entrance fees that peaked at the end of 1910 is detailed. Finally, common misperceptions about the role of the remarkable promoter, Alvo von Alvensleben, in the early years of the VSE are addressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".