High-energy and Very High Energy Emission from Stellar-mass Black Holes Moving in Gaseous Clouds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We investigate the electron–positron pair cascade taking place in the magnetosphere of a rapidly rotating black hole. Because of the spacetime frame dragging, the Goldreich–Julian charge density changes sign in the vicinity of the event horizon, which leads to the occurrence of a magnetic-field-aligned electric field, in the same way as the pulsar outer-magnetospheric accelerator. In this lepton accelerator, electrons and positrons are accelerated in the opposite directions, to emit copious gamma rays via the curvature and inverse Compton processes. We examine a stationary pair cascade and show that a stellar-mass black hole moving in a gaseous cloud can emit a detectable very high energy flux, provided that the black hole is extremely rotating and that the distance is less than about 1 kpc. We argue that the gamma-ray image will have a point-like morphology, and we demonstrate that their gamma-ray spectra have a broad peak around 0.01–1 GeV and a sharp peak around 0.1 TeV, that the accelerators become most luminous when the mass accretion rate becomes about 0.01% of the Eddington rate, and that the predicted gamma-ray flux changes little in a wide range of magnetospheric currents. An implication of the stability of such a stationary gap is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".