MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W2952469231 · doi:10.1071/aj18300

The role of gas in transforming energy

2019· article· en· W2952469231 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Frank Calabria

Bibliographic record

VenueThe APPEA Journal · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnergy
TopicGlobal Energy and Sustainability Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRenewable energyFossil fuelNatural resource economicsBusinessQuarter (Canadian coin)PopulationEnergy sourceEconomyEconomicsEngineeringGeographyWaste managementElectrical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Energy is undergoing the most significant transition since the alternating current – allowing energy to be generated in large, centralised power stations and safely sent to homes and businesses via thousands of kilometres of high voltage wires – was invented nearly 150 years ago. Energy is increasingly decentralised and low emissions – in Australia, renewables will double from 15 TWh today to 30 TWh by the end of this year. Globally, we are also seeing a major shift. The International Energy Agency forecasts that global population is set to increase by 1.7 billion by 2040, which will see demand for energy rise by about a quarter. This will be driven by the emerging economies of Asia, which are commendably tackling emissions far earlier in their history than today’s established economies. Gas is the key to managing the transition at least cost and least impact to reliability – it is more flexible and able to step in quickly when renewables aren’t generating. Renewables will grow to 40 per cent of the global energy mix under the IEA’s new policies scenario and gas will overtake coal by 2030 to be the second largest source of energy after oil to support this. For Australia, which became the world’s largest exporter of LNG this year, the opportunity to facilitate the global shift to lower emissions as well as maintain a competitive price for domestic users is clear, but depends on policy continuing to support the development of gas resources. With unconventional gas set to become increasingly important in meeting global energy demand, it is also time for the gas industry to step up and ensure that gas is seen as nation building for the Australian economy as coal was in the 20th century. To view the video, click the link on the right.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.014
Threshold uncertainty score0.048

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.009
Scholarly communication0.0060.011
Open science0.0010.005
Research integrity0.0040.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0140.004

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.232
Teacher spread0.227 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueThe APPEA JournalSame topicGlobal Energy and Sustainability ResearchFrench-language works237,207