Management and clinical outcomes of periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty with a stem extension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is little information about the management and clinical outcomes of the periprosthetic fracture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a stem extension. The purposes of this study were to demonstrate management of the periprosthetic fractures after TKA with a stem extension, to report treatment outcomes, and to determine whether dual-plate fixation is superior to single-plate fixation regarding the radiographic bone union time and incidence of metal failure.This retrospective study included 15 knees with periprosthetic fractures after TKA using a stem extension. We demonstrated the fracture characteristics and management according to the fracture location and implant stability. The radiographic union time was determined. Complications, range of motion, and functional outcomes, including Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Knee Society Score were assessed. Periprosthetic fractures after TKA with stem extension were 1 metaphyseal fracture without implant loosening, 7 diaphyseal fractures adjacent to the stem without implant loosening, 3 diaphyseal fractures away from the stem without implant loosening, and 4 fractures with implant loosening.Treatment included immobilization using a long leg cast, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and re-revision TKA. There was no difference in functional outcomes and range of motion pre- and posttreatment. The complications included 2 cases of subsequent implant loosening. Patients in the dual-plating required a shorter bony union time than those in the single-plating (2.4 ± 1.1 vs 7.4 ± 2.2 months; P = .003).Periprosthetic fractures after TKA with stem extension could be managed individually according to the fracture location and implant stability. Complications were not uncommon even if patients were able to return to their preinjury functional level posttreatment. To avoid complications after ORIF, the dual plate was superior to the single plate, and subtle implant loosening should not be overlooked.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".